Diagnostic Services

ANKLE BRACHIAL PRESSURE INDEX (ABPI)

Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI): A Comprehensive Guide

The Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) is a simple, painless test that helps doctors check blood circulation in the legs. It is mainly used to detect peripheral artery disease (PAD) a condition where narrowed or blocked arteries reduce blood flow to the legs. 

Why is ABPI Important?

Healthy blood flow is crucial for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body. If there’s a blockage in the arteries, it can lead to leg pain, slow wound healing, or even serious complications like ulcers and gangrene. The ABPI test helps detect these problems early, allowing for timely treatment.

How is the Test Done?

The ABPI test compares blood pressure in the ankle to blood pressure in the arm. Here’s how it works:

  1. A blood pressure cuff is placed on the arm and ankle.
  2. A small device called a doppler ultrasound is used to listen to blood flow sounds.
  3. The doctor measures blood pressure at both locations and calculates a ratio by dividing the ankle blood pressure by the arm blood pressure.

Understanding the Results

The ABPI score helps classify the severity of arterial disease:

  • Normal (1.0 – 1.4) : Healthy, blood flow is good.
  • Mild Blockage (0.8 – 0.99) : Some narrowing of the arteries.
  • Moderate Blockage (0.5 – 0.79) : Blood flow is reduced, and PAD is likely.
  • Severe Blockage (Below 0.5) : High risk of ulcers and complications.
  • Above 1.4 : Arteries may be stiff, common in diabetes or kidney disease.

Who Needs an ABPI Test?

Doctors may recommend this test if you:

  • Have leg pain or cramps when walking.
  • Have diabetes, high blood pressure or high cholesterol.
  • Smoke or have a history of heart disease.
  • Have slow-healing wounds on your legs or feet.

What Happens After the Test?

If the ABPI result is abnormal, the doctor may suggest lifestyle changes, medications or further tests. Treatments can include:

  • Exercise to improve circulation.
  • Medications to manage cholesterol, blood pressure and prevent clotting.
  • Cease smoking to reduce artery damage.
  • In severe cases – angioplasty, stent placement or surgery to restore blood flow.

Final Thoughts

The ABPI test is quick, non-invasive, and highly useful for detecting peripheral artery disease early. If you have risk factors for PAD, getting tested early can help prevent serious complications and keep your legs and feet healthy.

Appointment Form